Revisión sistemática del potencial de bioproducción de PSILOCIBINA a partir de PSILOCYBE CUBENSIS y sus coadyuvantes bioquímicos en terapias antidepresivas

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of psilocybin bioproduction from Psilocybe cubensis by analyzing biotechnological strategies, biosynthetic pathways, co-occurring metabolites, and therapeutic applications in depression. The methodology consisted of a systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Scopus were reviewed, restricting the analysis to the period from 2020 to 2026. After duplicate removal, 30 studies were analyzed using tools such as VOSviewer for bibliometric assessment. The results showed that submerged fermentation yields 1.2–2.4 g/L of psilocybin in 14–21-day cycles, values comparable to or higher than those reported for other fungal metabolites, including lovastatin and taxol. Metabolic engineering achieved reported production increases of up to 4.7-fold through enzymatic overexpression. Bibliometric analysis identified four main domains and revealed that, although the term “biosynthesis” appeared frequently in the initial document search, its presence was minimal in the final network, confirming a significant gap in biotechnological research. Regarding the entourage effect, preclinical studies indicated that whole extracts of P. cubensis were six times more potent than synthetic psilocybin and that their therapeutic effects persisted twice as long in murine models. Finally, the conclusions indicate that psilocybin bioproduction from Psilocybe cubensis is technically feasible. Ecuador, together with Hispanic America, presents strategic advantages to lead translational research in biotechnological engineering with a therapeutic focus.