Revisión sistemática del uso de fagoterapia frente a MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS resistente a RIFAMPICINA y análisis IN SILICO de proteínas de reconocimiento fágico

Abstract

Conventional health-care frameworks have been compromised by the high clinical burden resulting from rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-TB). This thesis integrates a systematic review (PRISMA 2020) and an in silico analysis to evaluate the capacity of phage therapy against antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, seeking plausible interactions between mycobacteriophage receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) and bacterial targets. To this end, studies were searched in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and MDPI (2020–2026); after screening and cleaning, 802 records were reviewed and 30 articles were included. Bibliometric mapping (VOSviewer) identified clusters centered on “tuberculosis,” “drug-resistant tuberculosis,” and “phage therapy.” For the in silico modeling, RBPs from mycobacteriophages D29, TM4, L5, Bxb1, and Bxz2 were modeled by homology and contrasted with two selected bacterial targets OmpATb (Rv0899) and HBHA (Rv0475) using the SWISS-MODEL platform. Complexes were docked in HDOCK to generate the docking poses and visualized in PyMOL to identify binding sites; the best docking scores were around –195 and –245, where balanced hydrophobic–aromatic interactions tempered by polar contacts were observed. The evidence suggests that mycobacteriophages are promising candidates against RR-TB as adjuvants, either alone or in combination with antibiotics.