Sobrecarga emocional y codependencia en tutores de usuarios del servicio ambulatorio intensivo en un centro de salud en la ciudad de Guayaquil

Abstract

This cork corresponds to a systematization of experiences under a clinical approach. The main objective was to analyze emotional overload and the presence of dynamics related to codependency in guardians/caregivers of people with severe mental disorders and disabilities, as well as the importance of social support within the accompaniment processes in the clinical context of individuals attended to in the Insentive Outpatient Service at a health center in Guayaquil. This process was structured in two phases, the first phase which constituted and exploratory diagnosis through the application of the Zarit Burden Scale, which allowed for the identification of the levels of burden present in the carers and the interviews that allowed for corroborating the information and delving deeper into the symptoms and dynamics of codependency present. Subsequently, in phase two, four psychoeducational workshops were implemented, focusing on the topics of: identification of the caregiving role, myths and truths of the carer, self-care strategies, and stress coping techniques. These activities allowed for the promotion of spaces for participation, reflection, listening, and the re-signication of each caregiver´s personal experiences. Thus, the results obtained from the data collection evidenced the presence of moderate-high levels of physical fatigue and emotional exhaustion associated with caregiving time, family dynamics, and limitations in support networks. Psychoeducational interventions promoted self-awareness of discomfort, delegation of care, and the establishment of activities that foster well-being. The systematisation allowed for a Deep understanding of the caregiver´s emotional overload, which correlates with family dynamics, beliefs inherent to the cultural context, and the conditions of the place. Thus, these interventions promoted autonomy, prevention of burnout, and strengthening of the caregiver´s role. Thus, is was concluded that group interventions with a psychoeducational approach contribute to the emotional and mental well-being of carers, the recognition of carer boundaries, the promotion of self-care, and social support constitute fundamental aspects for the accompaniment of people with TMG from a more comprehensive and humane perspective.