Análisis de la eficiencia energética en líneas de distribución de media tensión, causas, efectos y soluciones.

Abstract

The analysis of the La Esperanza 4 feeder shows that the energy efficiency of the distribution line is mainly compromised in its most distant sections, where increased distance, load growth, and conductor resistance cause significant voltage drops and progressively higher technical losses. While the initial sections of the feeder exhibit stable operating conditions, the final segments exceed the allowable voltage drop limit of 6% established by Regulation No. ARCONEL-009-24, directly affecting the quality and reliability of the electrical service. Simulation results indicate a substantial improvement in voltage levels when technical solutions such as transformer tap adjustment, installation of capacitor banks, implementation of static reactive power compensators (SVS), and increasing the conductor cross-sectional area are applied. Furthermore, the simulations confirm that the La Esperanza 4 feeder is no longer able to adequately meet the current demand, making system modernization an effective strategy to restore voltage stability, reduce technical losses, improve voltage profiles, and ensure a reliable and efficient power supply for all connected users. Additionally, simulations performed using PowerFactory software reveal the presence of both active and reactive power losses along the feeder. These losses are strongly influenced by feeder length, conductor cross-section, and the distribution of installed loads, particularly distribution transformers located along the circuit.