Instructivo para la elaboración de presupuestos y análisis de precios unitarios en la construcción

Abstract

The development of technical instructions for budgets and unit price analysis in civil construction was based on three pillars: document and regulatory review, field data collection, and an application example in a real project. First, a compilation of specialized bibliography, technical manuals, and regulations was carried out to establish a well-founded and contextualized basis. Second, information was gathered on a specific construction project and in the local market in Quito during the last quarter of 2025, which included direct measurement of labor productivity through timekeeping in real activities, as well as formal quotations of materials, equipment, and wages. As a result, this information made it possible to contrast theoretical criteria with the actual conditions of execution. The analysis showed that the lack of standardization and the use of obsolete information are recurring factors that seriously affect the reliability of budgets in the local environment. Likewise, the application of the instructions in a building project allowed us to verify their practical usefulness, demonstrating that an orderly method based on the correct identification of items, calculation of quantities of work, technical selection of crews, and realistic estimation of yields and indirect costs considerably reduces the margin of error. As a result, a guide document was obtained that integrates concepts, procedures, applied examples, and standardized formats, constituting a reference tool for students and professionals in the sector.