Diseño y construcción de un sistema automatizado de riego para la producción de malanga en el cantón Shushufindi provincia de Sucumbíos

Abstract

The automatic sprinkler irrigation system has been designed with the objective of optimizing water distribution in malanga production, ensuring a controlled and uniform application that promotes proper physiological crop development. This type of system enables more efficient water usage by reducing losses due to runoff and evaporation, thereby contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, the implementation of this system provides direct support to the farmer by minimizing constant manual intervention, reducing prolonged exposure to solar radiation and the physical fatigue associated with traditional long-term irrigation tasks. For the proper operation of the proposed mechatronic system, device control was implemented using the Arduino Mega platform, selected for its processing capacity and extensive number of input and output pins, which facilitate programming and integration of the system’s various components. This control unit enables the operation of 24 V direct current (DC) motors, as well as a self-priming DC pump, which are automatically activated according to previously programmed irrigation cycles, adapting to the crop’s specific water requirements. Additionally, sprockets were incorporated for mechanical motion transmission, ensuring efficient and synchronized operation of the mechanism. Finally, electronic and mechanical system calculations and simulations were conducted to validate overall performance, optimize material selection, and ensure the project’s efficiency, reliability, and technical feasibility, with the capability for continuous operation under real working conditions.