Planificación estratégica de un proceso de descarbonización del sistema eléctrico aplicando programación lineal mixta como estrategia y el modelo de William Newman

Abstract

In this study, a management model for the decarbonization of the electricity sector 18 proposed using mixed-integer linear programming and the William Newman method. The proposed approach analyzes progressive energy transition strategies, balancing fossil generation replacement, renewable integration, and the simultaneous optimization of operational costs and emissions. The implementation is carried out on the IEEE 24-bus network with real generation and demand data. Three scenarios are evaluated: baseline (no emission constraints), gradual transition (50% reduction over 20 years), and accelerated transition (75% reduction over 10 years). Dynamic constraints prioritize the displacement of fossil sources by wind and hydroelectric energy in power dispatch. The results show that progressive decarbonization is technically feasible but requires three key elements: greater integration of renewable energy, energy storage systems, and sectoral incentive policies.