Diseño de un sistema de paneles solares fotovoltaicos para mejorar la eficiencia y calidad de potencia en la subestación eléctrica las naves dentro de la red de distribución del cantón Guaranda de la provincia de Bolívar

Abstract

The incorporation of solar systems into electricity distribution networks represents a viable alternative to improve energy efficiency and quality of supply, especially in regions with high levels ofsolar irradiation. Thisstudy develops the technical design of a photovoltaic solar panel (PVSP) system for the Las Naves electrical substation, in the canton of Guaranda, based on the analysis of energy demand, geographical and climatic conditions, and the evaluation of electrical parameters. Using simulation tools such as PVsyst and RETScrear, the orientation, inclination and components of the system were defined, reaching an installed power of 3.5 kW per home, made up of 10 monocrystalline panels of 350 W. The estimated average production was 8.9 kWh per day, enough to cover most residential consumption, reducing dependence on the conventional grid. The results show a 74% decrease in electricity consumption from the grid, a 14.8% reduction in energy losses and an improvement in the voltage profile by ±2.5%, while remaining within regulatory limits. Likewise, the intermittency of photovoltaic generation and its effect on operational stability were analyzed, determining that the planned integration of PSFV optimizes the overall efficiency of the system. This study lays the technical foundations for policies and strategies that promote the mass adoption of photovoltaic solar energy in Ecuador, consolidating it as a fundamental pillar for the modernization and sustainability of electricity grids.