Psicoeducación sobre el cuidado integral dirigido a usuarios con consumo problemático de sustancias psicoactivas del MSP

Abstract

This systematization work documents the experience of a psychoeducational intervention carried out at a public health center under the Ministry of Health of Ecuador, aimed at individuals with problematic use of psychoactive substances. The primary objective was to promote comprehensive care, enhance coping skills, and foster therapeutic adherence through the application of a cognitive–behavioral approach. Substance use is understood as a complex condition determined by individual and family factors, leading to significant deterioration at physical, psychological, and community levels. The methodology adopted was qualitative and descriptive, incorporating the use of instruments such as the ASSIST, AUDIT, Mini–Mental State Examination, Salamanca Test, and Plutchik’s Suicide Risk Scale. The intervention included both group and individual sessions, participatory activities, and home visits. The approach was led by an interdisciplinary team composed of professionals in psychology, psychiatry, occupational therapy, social work, and general medicine, ensuring comprehensive care. Notable activities included workshops on emotional self-regulation, impulse control, craving management, anger management, self-care habits, positive leadership, relapse prevention, conflict resolution, and therapeutic outings. The results demonstrated an increase in users’ insight and awareness of their condition, facilitating sustainable behavioral changes. However, limitations were identified in relation to institutional resources, continuity of care, and socioeconomic conditions that contribute to vulnerability to relapse.