Análisis de la eficiencia energética de la batería de ion litio en una moto eléctrica para el uso de micro movilidad.

Abstract

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles in urban environments has created the need to evaluate their energy efficiency and range under real operating conditions. This study analyzes the performance of the lithium-ion battery (60V, 30Ah) of an electric motorcycle, considering various factors that influence its energy consumption. Experimental tests were conducted on a predefined 25.8 km route, characterized by ascents, descents, and flat stretches, using the Topo GPS application to record travel data and an Autoscope IV USB oscilloscope to capture the battery’s electrical signals. The results indicate that the motorcycle's actual range is significantly lower than the manufacturer's estimate. A direct relationship between energy consumption and terrain profile was identified: on uphill segments with an average gradient of 12%, consumption reached 97.74 Wh/km, reducing the range to 14.73 km. On flat sections, an efficiency of 41.29 Wh/km was achieved, allowing for a range of 34.88 km, while on downhill stretches, energy consumption was negligible due to engine inactivity. The estimated range under mixed conditions was 29.8 km, in contrast to the 60 km stated in the technical specifications. These findings underscore the importance of considering factors such as terrain inclination, rider weight, and driving style for realistic range estimation. The implementation of efficient driving strategies and the development of technologies such as regenerative braking are recommended to improve energy efficiency on descents. This study provides key insights for designing sustainable mobility policies and advancing technological improvements in urban electric vehicles.