Análisis estructural de una vivienda de hormigón armado por cambio de uso de suelo en la Ciudadela Urdenor del Cantón Guayaquil

Abstract

The following project addresses the problems associated with unplanned modifications to existing buildings. Buildings are often adapted to new uses without considering the structural implications, which can lead to serious consequences. A common example is the transformation of a home into an apartment building, which involves a significant increase in the loads on the structure. By modifying a building without a prior technical study, the equilibrium conditions of the internal forces are altered, which can cause overloads in structural elements such as foundations, columns and beams. This in turn can trigger a series of problems, from the appearance of cracks and deformations to the partial or total collapse of the structure. The consequences of these structural failures go beyond the risk to human life, as they also generate significant economic losses due to repair and reconstruction costs. It is essential to understand that buildings are complex systems designed to withstand specific loads. Any modification that alters this balance can compromise the stability of the structure. In addition, old buildings, built with different materials and techniques than today, are particularly vulnerable to these modifications. To address this problem, the text proposes the implementation of control and regulatory measures that guarantee that detailed structural analyses are carried out before any change of use in a building. These analyses, carried out by competent professionals, make it possible to assess the capacity of the existing structure to withstand new loads, identify possible deficiencies and propose the necessary reinforcement measures. It is imperative that the competent authorities and property owners are aware of any significant change in the functionality of a building. Only in this way can tragedies be prevented and the safety of people and the integrity of buildings be guaranteed. The justification for structural analysis lies in the need to assess the capacity of a structure to withstand new loads and conditions. By carrying out this analysis, possible structural deficiencies can be identified and appropriate reinforcement solutions proposed, thus ensuring the safety and durability of the building.