Revisión sistemática sobre la interacción entre hongos marinos y microplásticos en el proceso de biorremediación

Abstract

This research focused on analyzing the biotechnological potential of marine fungi in the bioremediation of microplastics through a systematic review based on the PRISMA method. The proposed hypothesis suggests that marine fungi capable of growing plastics possess enzymatic activity that could degrade plastic polymers and their relevance in the field of biotechnology. The results revealed the presence of fungal species that produce key enzymes, such as laccases and peroxidases, capable of fragmenting complex polymers. Species such as Aspergillus niger, Pestalotiopsis spp., Fusarium solani, and Parengyodontium album were highlighted. Furthermore, strategies to improve the efficiency of the process have been explored, such as using fungi in microbial consortia or genetic modification to enhance their enzyme production. Finally, the review revealed significant changes in the composition of plastic polymers due to the increase in environmental factors, such as salinity and temperature, which affect the efficiency of bioremediation in marine ecosystems.