Aprovechamiento biotecnológico de las micorrizas arbusculares nativas en tres familias botánicas representativas de cultivos comerciales

Abstract

The increase in the demand for food generates a need to increase agricultural production, which causes environmental pollution due to the improper use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the use of new sustainable alternatives such as biofertilizers is being examined. This study seeks to characterize the genera of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and analyze their effectiveness as a possible biofertilizer. The percentage of mycorrhization and the number of spores in the roots of three commercially important plant families were calculated by wet screening and trypan blue staining. They were then characterized to see their biodiversity. They were then inoculated into tomato seedlings according to different treatments and substrates, evaluating the height, number of leaves, chlorophyll and percentage of mycorrhization of each one. The results identified genera such as Glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., and Septoglomus sp. in the three plant species sampled, while the highest mycorrhization percentage was of the species belonging to the Fabaceae family with 87,33 % and the one that obtained the highest number of spores was the species of the Passifloraceae family with a quantity of 116 spores. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi demonstrated to have a certain positive effect on tomato root growth so they could be used as biofertilizers in the agricultural sector to increase root mass. In conclusion, this can provide an effective and sustainable alternative to improve agricultural productivity of fields and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.