Análisis de tratados de libre comercio con la Unión Europea: Caso de estudio para Ecuador y Perú, 2013-2023

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of trade, employment and product quality with the Free Trade Agreement between the European Union for the countries of Ecuador and Peru. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the Free Trade Agreements with the European Union on the economic development and competitiveness of the countries of Ecuador and Peru between 2013 and 2023, applying documentary and exploratory research methodologies to explain the influence of that agreement between 2013 and 2023. Because of the analysis based on official data and reports, the FTA has allowed, in Ecuador, some products such as bananas, flowers and tuna to lead in exports, while in Peru avocados, blueberries and others stand out. This is why both Ecuador and Peru show a trade surplus with an increasing trend, leaving out years affected by external events such as covid-19. It is highlighted that Peru obtains greater income due to more products that were reduced to zero with immediate access. Furthermore, in Peru, Foreign Direct Investment has generated employment growth in various sectors, while in Ecuador the opposite is true. Limitations in the information are noted, complicating details in this. Furthermore, the demand for rigorous compliance with the quality requirements of exported products has been improved by EU regulations, contributing to competitiveness for both countries.