Diseño y construcción de una lijadora de bajo costo para el acabado de superficies de madera

Abstract

This degree project focuses on the design and construction of an economically accessible drum sander, intended to optimize finishing processes in wood workshops. The proposal starts with the identification of deficiencies in traditional sanding methods, such as high time consumption, premature wear of materials, excessive labor effort and inconsistency in the quality of the finish. To address these problems, an optimized design is developed that seeks to improve the efficiency, precision, safety and economic accessibility of the machine. The study begins with a thorough exploration of the theoretical foundations, covering crucial technological, mechanical and electronic aspects that are fundamental to understanding the effective operation of the machine. Through meticulous analysis, prevalent problems in current sanding processes are identified and studied, leading to the evaluation of various design alternatives with the goal of increasing efficiency and precision in finishing wood surfaces. Additionally, aspects related to energy consumption and system automation are considered to enhance the overall performance of the equipment. The progress of the project is documented through the detailed description of the design process and the selection of appropriate components, which is complemented by the performance of simulations that validate the technical feasibility of the proposed design. Finally, the culmination of the study is presented in an in-depth economic evaluation, where the costs involved, material selection, and the profitability of the project are examined. Additionally, an operation and maintenance manual are included that not only ensures the correct functionality of the equipment but also promotes its long-term durability, efficiency, and ease of use in various woodworking applications.