Optimización en la producción de bioetanol a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica: métodos y tecnologías sostenibles

Abstract

Fossil fuels have become the major source of energy sustenance for mankind. However, their main problem is that they are non-renewable resources and cause various negative effects. In this sense, bioethanol has become an attractive energy alternative for use, as it is considered a carbon neutral fuel, and this type of biofuel has made rapid progress in recent years. This review aims to explain and define the sustainable technologies such as the types of pretreatments, acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation involved in the process of obtaining bioethanol using residual vegetable lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, the methodologies used to contrast the information come from different bibliographic sources of recent studies focused on this field including systematic reviews and meta-analysis; to obtain as results the observation of bioethanol performance and sustainability taking into account the type of raw material used supporting it in a comparison with other biofuels and fossil fuels. Finally, future perspectives directed towards this type of nature-friendly technology, which can contribute significantly to the transition towards sustainable energy sources, will be included.