Desarrollo de una Metodología para la Generación de Mapas Cartográficos de Inyección y Encendido Utilizando una ECU Programable en Motores de Encendido Provocado con Cuerpo de Aceleración Electrónico

Abstract

This study addresses the growing concern about greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector and the need to optimize the performance of internal combustion engines. The main objective was to develop a methodology to generate fuel injection and ignition maps using a programmable electronic control unit (ECU) in electronic throttle body spark ignition engines. The methodology used consisted of three main stages: 1) characterization of the engine injection system, including the identification and parameterization of sensors and actuators; 2) programming injection and ignition mapping maps using the volumetric efficiency method; and 3) experimental validation through dynamometer tests. A Kia Rio 1.4L vehicle equipped with a Haltech Elite 1500 programmable ECU was used. The results showed an improvement in engine performance after the implementation of the programmable ECU. An increase of 4.41% in maximum power (from 86.20 HP to 90 HP) and 3.44% in maximum torque (from 98.70 lb-ft to 102.10 lb-ft) was achieved. The cartographic maps generated made it possible to optimize the volumetric efficiency of the engine between 50% and 90%, depending on the speed and load. In addition, objective lambda control was implemented to limit excessive mixture enrichment and reduce emissions. This study demonstrates the potential of programmable ECUs to improve the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines, contributing to the reduction of emissions in the automotive sector.