Propuesta de diseño de microredes como solución energética sostenible en comunidades de bajos recursos

Abstract

The objective of this research is to determine the feasibility of a microgrid design as a sustainable energy solution in low-income communities. Microgrids are sustainable due to their characteristics of electricity use and generation, especially in non-interconnected areas, where they can develop both energy and economic consumption. They allow the efficient use of renewable energy resources, guaranteeing a secure supply and integrating decentralized energy sources. However, the energy coverage gap represents a challenge for the country. Santay Island presents a latent demand in this aspect, which highlights the importance of this study. The methodology was quantitative, with a descriptive scope and a non-experimental transectional design. The population is made up of the inhabitants of Santay Island, considering houses as the target unit. The measurement instrument was the HOMER Pro software. Among the conclusions, it is highlighted that the solar microgrid project proposed in low-income communities, such as Santay Island, is a sustainable and profitable energy solution. Solar radiation is a positive factor, with levels above 2.5 kWh/m². The analysis shows that the design with genset has a Net Present Cost (NPC) of $82,320, while the design without genset has an NPC of $94,095, evidencing that the design with genset is more economical. In addition, the different scenarios show a share of renewable energy that varies between 83.9% and 100%, guaranteeing a significant penetration of this type of energy. Therefore, considering the economic aspects and the comparison of systems, the most viable option is the genset design.