Revisión sistemática de la resistencia a fungicidas en Mycosphaerella fijiensis y estrategias biotecnológicas emergentes para su manejo en la producción de Banano

Abstract

Black Sigatoka, caused by the fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis, is one of the biggest threats to global banana production, reducing productivity by up to 50%. The pathogen's growing resistance to chemical fungicides has intensified this problem, raising production costs by 35% and affecting a sector that generates approximately $12 billion annually globally. This study reviews the efficacy of emerging biotechnological strategies, such as the genetic modification of banana plants, which have shown a 90% effectiveness in resistance to M. fijiensis. An exhaustive review was carried out on fungicide resistance in M. fijiensis and emerging biotechnological strategies, a selection process of studies was carried out in several stages. A total of 27,458 relevant articles were identified in seven databases, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, NCBI, MDPI, and Scopus, using four search criteria. After applying filters and removing duplicates with Data Ladder software, 76 key documents were selected for detailed analysis. Tools such as VOSviewer were used to identify patterns of collaboration, citations, and trends in research.