Análisis del aislamiento de redes de subtransmisión de la Empresa Eléctrica Riobamba S.A

Abstract

This document addresses in detail the complexity of insulation coordination in the electrical subtransmission lines of Riobamba Electric Company (EERSA), highlighting the reasons for disconnection issues in these lines. Coordination involves synchronizing insulations to tolerate various overvoltages that may occur in the system. The importance of coordination is evident in mitigating external overvoltages caused by uncontrollable atmospheric, environmental, and geographical conditions. The critical influence of insulation pollution leading to degradation is explored, emphasizing its role in phenomena such as back flashover and flashover voltage. Different types of overvoltages are examined, from permanent ones associated with phase imbalances to transient ones generated, for example, by lightning strikes. Insulation coordination emerges as a vital component in electrical protection, emphasizing the importance of phase-to-ground spacing and the optimal quantity of insulators based on the location and voltage of the line. The impact of various pollutants, such as chemicals, bird and livestock droppings, dust, volcanic ash, metals, fertilizers, smog, and organic matter, is analyzed in detail. Pollution levels are classified as light, moderate, strong, and very strong, establishing constant values that influence the calculation of the optimal number of insulators. The document emphasizes the necessity of accurately determining the number of insulators, tailored to the specific conditions of the line, to ensure the electrical system's efficiency and reliability. This will be validated according to international standards such as those of the IEC.