Evaluación comparativa de métodos de criopreservación de orquídeas nativas del Ecuador

Abstract

In recent years, the conservation of plant species has been a topic of great importance due to the need to maintain biodiversity and balanced ecosystems. In Ecuador, the Orchidaceae family exhibits a high level of endemism, making it essential to explore alternatives for its conservation. The presented study conducts a literature review focused on the cryopreservation of orchid seeds from the genera Elleanthus, Epidendrum, and Sobralia. The main objective of this work is to evaluate and compare cryopreservation methods used for these orchids, identifying the most efficient protocols to maintain seed viability and turgor. Various preparation and storage methods were examined, along with the use of cryoprotectants and freezing techniques, to establish an optimal protocol. The results indicate that cryopreservation is a viable technique for the long-term conservation of orchid seeds. Evaluated methods such as vitrification and controlled cooling show significant benefits in preserving seed viability and structural integrity. Additionally, the benefits of germplasm banks are highlighted as an essential tool for biodiversity conservation. This study underscores the importance of cryopreservation in conserving endemic orchid species in Ecuador. The implementation of appropriate protocols and the establishment of germplasm banks are crucial to ensure the long-term survival of these species.