Estructura del capital y rendimiento bursátil de las principales empresas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores ecuatoriana

Abstract

The present research analyzes the financial performance of ten Ecuadorian companies listed on the stock market during the years 2021 and 2022, focusing on the relationship between capital structure and stock performance as the main objective. The aim is to identify trends and significant relationships that provide valuable insights for investors and business leaders, while also enhancing long-term operational efficiency. The study is justified by the importance of understanding how these variables influence strategic decision-making and the competitiveness of the private sector. Additionally, it seeks to provide a detailed understanding of the financial status of the Ecuadorian private sector during this period, with a specific focus on capital structure and the level of indebtedness of the selected companies. The study is empirical in nature, and the methodology employed involved a quantitative approach through the detailed analysis of key financial indicators, such as ROA and Total Debt Ratio, for the selected companies using convenience sampling. The results highlight variability in operational efficiency and the direct influence of capital structure on stock performance. It is observed that prudent debt management is associated with improvements in the stock market. The main conclusions underscore the importance of proactive financial strategies to maintain long-term competitiveness in the Ecuadorian private sector.