Desarrollo de un sistema de cultivo hidropónico utilizando un control PID para la regulación de caudal en los conductos de solución nutritiva

Abstract

This project analyzes in detail the implementation of a hydroponic system with a PID control system to regulate the flow of nutrient solution. The adjusted parameters of the PID control are presented and the physical structure of the system is examined, including the use of different sized pipes and a series connection to maintain a uniform flow rate. A technological-economic analysis stands out that reveals a positive return on investment of 1.53% in the project. Relevant data is provided on the relationship between the PWM duty cycle and the nutrient solution flow rate, as well as the frequency of the sensor used. The logic of the menus in Arduino and the tuning of PID parameters are detailed using the Ziegler-Nichols method, obtaining a critical gain of 1.2 and the critical period of 9 seconds. In addition, a PID control system is implemented in the automation of a hydroponic crop, achieving adequate plant growth and a return on investment in approximately 11 months. The importance of the selection of components and the periodic change of the nutrient solution to maintain the health of the crop is emphasized. Tools and devices used in the project are described, such as the Arduino IDE, the YF-S2001 flow sensor, the Kewo AD100-2S0.75GB frequency converter, among others. The design of an electronic circuit with a steel structure and a metal box to house electrical components is mentioned. It is concluded that hydroponic systems are an efficient option for large-scale food production, with different configurations and the possibility of controlling them with tools such as Arduino. The importance of PID control in automated systems is highlighted to achieve precise and efficient responses.