Establecimiento de un protocolo de cultivo IN VITRO de SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA a través de Callogénesis inducida para promover su conservación en el Ecuador

Abstract

The genus Swietenia belongs to the family Meliaceae, both in Ecuador and in much of Central America the species Swietenia macrophylla is considered the most appreciated for the quality of its wood, being historically important in the timber industry causing the species to fall into a state of endangerment. The objective of this research is to establish an in vitro culture inducing callus formation from leaves and nodal segments with the execution of a defined disinfection protocol and variations in the adaptation of the culture for the induction of calluses by evaluating different parameters in a Murashige & Skoog medium in order to promote alternatives for their conservation. In this phase, appropriate concentrations are determined for the evaluation of callus formation. Two disinfection protocols were evaluated with sodium hypochlorite for the first experiment on leaves and nodal segments and calcium hypochlorite for the second trial, performed only with nodal segments. For the evaluation of corns, sucrose concentrations were evaluated vs. 2,4-D concentrations in 16/8 photoperiods and darkness. For the disinfection protocol, there was a high rate of contamination of the explants due to the presence of endophytic fungus, preventing their development. In callus induction assays, 1.1% of replicates responded to 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D treatment of nodal segments in total darkness at 30 days, where low-density friable calluses were formed, with disorganized cell morphology seen under the microscope.