Evaluación de un consorcio nativo de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares en dos especies vegetales pertenecientes a la familia fabaceae y poaceae ubicadas en el campus María Auxiliadora de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizae (MA) are microscopic organisms that are part of the biodiversity of the soil, they carry out a kind of beneficial symbiosis between fungi and the roots of plants; These mycorrhiza form shrubs which are responsible for the absorption of nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. This connection between fungus and roots occurs in more than 80% of plant species, however this potential can vary between species so its study is important. Therefore, arbuscular mycorrhizae must be evaluated and studied as it is an alternative to sustainable agriculture. In this research, a specific population consisting of two wild plant specimens belonging to the Fabaceae and Poaceae families is addressed. These were collected at the María Auxiliadora campus of the Salesian Polytechnic University. It was decided to select three random samples of both Rhynchosia minima L. and Cenchrus echinatus L., both on and off campus. The central objective of this study is to analyze and use the key morphological taxonomic results of the spores of arbuscular mycorrhizae. This is done with the purpose of evaluating the diversity and abundance of a native consortium of mycorrhizal fungi. Physiological - agronomic variables are addressed, with spores, colonization, diversity as dependent variables, height, leaves, root length and chlorophyll as independent variables in beans and corn. Statistical analysis, such as ANOVA, was applied to detect differences between treatments. Data collection followed detailed protocols, covering bibliographic review, critical recording, database creation and species validation. The study includes spore quantification, microscopic observation, taxonomic analysis and use of trap plants. The results obtained demonstrate a diversity of useful characteristics for research on wild plant species. The information collected is an important basis for other studies with these specimens, allowing more precise and updated studies.