Evaluación de voltajes de seguridad generados en la malla de puesta a tierra de una subestación de distribución de 69/13.8 KV ante descargas atmosféricas mediante ATPDRAW

Abstract

This work focuses on the modeling and analysis of the response of a grounding grid to lightning type atmospheric discharges. The methodology applied, from theoretical research to simulation and results analysis, is based on specific approaches and tools designed to address associated electromagnetic challenges. The theoretical research encompassed the gathering of information on atmospheric discharges and their consequences in electrical systems, as well as the derivation of mathematical models for both the grid and the human body. The initial phase involved the preparation of the ATPDRAW software and the detailed modeling within this environment, considering critical parameters and a lightning-type current source. Simulations in ATPDRAW yielded preliminary results, providing insights into the effectiveness of the grid and its impact on substation safety. Subsequently, upon completion of the simulations, a MATLAB code was developed to extract, organize, and debug data from ATPDRAW. This code facilitated the detailed presentation of results, offering a clear view of voltage distribution in the grid and the step and touch voltages experienced by human body models. In the final stage, the obtained voltages were compared to the suggested limits in the VDE article, establishing a reference framework for evaluating system safety. The conclusion of this process represents a valuable contribution to the design and optimization of grounding systems, driving the development of safer and more reliable electrical infrastructures.