Caracterización de aguas de descarga de camaroneras en el estuario de Cojimíes, provincia de Manabí

Abstract

The Cojimíes Estuary has been affected for 20 years by the indiscriminate felling of mangroves, in addition to overfishing, deforestation and the development of shrimp farms. Currently, 1,900 hectares of mangroves are preserved and more than 10,000 hectares have been lost. Shrimp farms occupy 14,000 hectares. Due to the fact that shrimp farms represent an environmental problem due to the use of nutrients and pesticides, this experimental work is proposed with the purpose of analyzing physical-chemical parameters of the water and sediments of the Cojimíes estuary in the discharge areas of the shrimp farms, which allow to determine the degree of environmental alteration with which this activity is contributing. The characterization of the water was carried out at four discharge points of shrimp farms in the Cojimíes estuary, Province of Manabí, during the months of February and May 2022, where the quality of the water was analyzed and the results were compared with the normative values in force in the region. the ecuadorian legal framework for the water resource and sediment quality of the estuary. Obtaining as a result for the 4 points in the Cojimíes Estuary, qualities that are categorized as "Regular" with a value of 64.37 for the first sampling and 70.58 for the second sampling. In sampling 1, the parameters that exceed the permissible limits are fecal coliforms with 283 NMP/100ml and nitrates with 0.77 mg/l. In sampling 2, the parameter that exceeds the permissible limit is nitrate with 0.77 mg/l. In the apparently uncontaminated sampling, the parameter that exceeds the permissible limit is nitrates with 0.56 mg/l And the COD/BOD5 ratio with a result of 1.59 in the first sampling and 2.97 in the second sampling, which are within the biodegradability range according to Molina Flores (2015).