Análisis de la importancia de la funcionalidad u operatividad de las cámaras de compensación, liquidación y custodio para el desarrollo del mercado de valores ecuatoriano.

Abstract

The stock market is a segment of the Ecuadorian financial market, a place where fixed income and variable income securities are traded, with issuers and investors interacting either to seek financing or a return on invested capital. Institutions such as risk rating agencies, the public securities registry, brokerage houses and clearinghouses, settlement and custodians intervene within the securities market, which promote the proper management of stock transactions with transparency and equity. These institutions are controlled by the Monetary and Financial Policy and Regulation Board, whose function is to "Regulate through regulations the implementation of monetary, credit, exchange and financial policies, including insurance and securities policy, and monitor their application" (Superintendency of companies , securities and insurance, 2021). In order for these standards to be controlled and regularized, the Superintendency of companies, securities and insurance was appointed, which is the entity that controls, promotes and monitors the securities market, thus contributing to the reliable development of stock transactions and the transparency of activities. companies in Ecuador. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the importance of the functionality or operation of the clearing, settlement and custodian chambers, since these entities are a channel between issuers, investors, the Public Registry of securities, brokerage houses and the stock market. securities which ensure that negotiations in the stock market are handled with transparency and responsibility. The stock exchange to carry out the clearing, settlement and custodian of securities has two clearing houses, the Decevale which is a public limited company and the DCV (Centralized Securities Deposit) of the Central Bank of Ecuador which is a public entity, which dematerialize the securities by converting them into electronic or digital documents, thus avoiding the risks of loss, fraud or theft.