Alteraciones cognitivas y conductuales más frecuentes en adolescentes mujeres de 14 a 18 años diagnosticadas con anorexia nerviosa y bulimia nerviosa: en latinoamérica durante el periodo 2015-2021

Abstract

The present work was developed with the aim of reflecting on the most frequent cognitive and behavioral alterations caused by Eating Behavior Disorder, having chosen Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa as the basis of the study, during the period from 2015 to 2021 in Latin America; evidencing the different theoretical approaches and methodologies used in research in female adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. It is intended to explain what have been the main characteristics of the alterations caused, studying psychological, cognitive and behavioral factors to understand the impact of the diagnosis within the study population. The methodology used is qualitative non-experimental, being of an exploratory scope, following a protocol for collecting information from inquiries made in secondary sources. Within the data collection, scientific documents were selected, which were reviewed and analyzed to discard and use 24 reliable sources, in which the country of origin, the year, the approach used, instruments, findings and discussion according to the variables and dimensions raised were considered. The factors that play important roles in the life of an adolescent female anorexic or bulimic were evidenced, among which are the models of upbringing, education, stereotypes, influence and discrimination. On the other hand, emphasis is placed on the persistent stress that adolescent girls self-induce in order to reach their goal of perfect thinness. Finally, conclusions are presented about the most frequent alterations, which are cognitive and behavioral, caused by the cultural factors of consumption by the media, acting as cultural regulators around patterns to be followed, especially in the female adolescent community, causing them to resort to self-conditioning tactics to reach their goal, causing a psychological impact, sometimes moderate or in more serious cases, critical.