“Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de máquina extrusora para fundir plástico PET reciclable con capacidad de 5kg/h”

Abstract

The first chapter deals with the basic definitions of recycling and processing, as well as the polymers used in the industry for mass consumption products and their manufacture by the different injection and forming processes, thus obtaining a better knowledge of the machines and parts. That composes them, so that in this way to quantify, determine and evaluate the optimal materials and components for the design and construction of a plastic injection equipment that satisfies the demand of 5 kg / h. The second section deals with the formulas that govern the design of an extrusion screw, as well as the components that makes up a simple screw extruder for polymer injection, analyzing the mechanical, thermal and control behavior for the transformation of the polymer by means of adding heat. Through the results obtained with the application of formulas, the dimensioning that each component will have is estimated and the materials and components available in the current market are chosen for correct operation and optimal operation and maintenance for the user. For the beginning of the calculations, the production mass flow is taken into consideration, which is 5 kg / h and a nominal screw diameter of 30 [mm]. What corresponds to Chapter III is the validation of the results obtained in calculations, using specialized software to determine the behavior of the screw, subjected to different efforts and thus obtain an optimal safety factor for the system. A financial analysis will also be carried out to determine the economic impact generated by the manufacture of the machine and its recovery time using financial identifiers such as the internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV).