Modelado y análisis de los efectos armónicos en bancos de transformadores trifásicos en la Unidad Educativa Salesiana Cristóbal Colón

Abstract

With the expansion of the school Cristobal Colon, a 500kva three-phase transformer was installed in 2014 in the southern part of the school that supplies 30% of the institution. In the northern entrance there are three conventional transformers of 100kva each connected in parallel and serves 70% of the school, it was installed in 2010 and is currently working overloaded, some electrical circuits were added without conducting a technical study before implementation. It should be noted that most of the drivers installed in all the school's facilities have already been in use for several years. Within the institution, two capacitor banks are connected in parallel to the main north and south distribution boards, to improve the power factor, which at times reaches values below 0.9. With the connection of a network analyzer were recorded for 7 days the levels of harmonics that are generated in the school, the odd order are those that affect the quality of electricity service to overload the neutral conductor. The overload of the transformer also causes harmonic levels that manage to turn into eventualities like overvoltages or voltage drops affecting the quality of the electrical service, these disturbances are reflected in the distortion of luminosity in the lamps and some of them end up shortening their useful life, they have some rooms where the voltage rises so much that users cannot connect their electrical equipment and run the risk of breaking down.