Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de invernadero urbano automatizado de tres metros cúbicos que permita controlar la humedad relativa por medio de microcontroladores para generar una producción constante de alimentos orgánicos

Abstract

Greenhouses is a technique that allows to obtain products out of season, with appropriate use and with good cultivation practices such as pruning, irrigation, etc. Resources such as water and fertilizers are optimized, better pest control is achieved, thus obtaining better results. There is a great growth of people who search for an organic food, due to various problems or "distrust" of the process of generating food from large companies with which they choose to have their own urban gardens. Agriculture within the city is on the rise for different reasons such as: vegetarian or vegan food culture, healthier food search without chemical compounds that can affect the health of people in the short, medium or long term, etc. That said, many people have their own orchards within the city seeking to improve their health or economy. With the present project, an urban greenhouse of one cubic meter was designed and automated by means of microcontrollers, having a constant measurement of the relative humidity of the soil with which the necessary water can be supplied, minimizing losses due to irrigation, temperature control Air for proper leveling is essential to be able to give the necessary conditions to the plant to obtain results with high quality. Having a good control and operation of the different sensors and actuators seeks to reduce costs for maintenance and supplies. Automation was carried out by means of microcontrollers reducing investment and maintenance costs, thus obtaining quality products minimizing losses, at an industrial level, automated greenhouses generally use PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) with which their investment costs are relatively high, Today, home automation processes have a high interest in people, said the above can automate an urban greenhouse through microcontrollers, in this way a very striking alternative for the general population is generated due to its low costs and good results.