Evaluación de la eficiencia fitorremediadora de Lupinus pubescens, Plantago major y Scirpus californicus en suelos contaminados con arsénico

Abstract

The arsenic is a highly toxic metalloid, that it can come of natural sources as the interior of volcanoes and pollute agricultural crops and soils. This studio searches to evaluate la efficiency phytoremediation of Lupinus pubescens (false chocho). Plantago major (Llanten) and Scirpus californicus (Totora) in contaminated soils with arsenic. Community soil of Toacaso was sampled, it is located in the Cotopaxi province, which showed pollution with arsenic, that come of the Illinizas volcano, physical-chemical analysis was performed and microbiological identification in the soil and concentration analysis of arsenic on soil and plants. The microbiological results show variety of the fungi with generous as: Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp, Mucor sp, Trichoderma sp, and Penicillium sp, in addition to bacteria with generous as: Micrococcus sp, Lactobacillus sp and Bacillus sp. Scirpus californicus (Totora) was the species that it present the greatest absorption of the metalloid, extracting 35% of the total arsenic thanks to the phytoextractions´ process. For this plant employs specific proteins for the entrance and mobilization of the arsenic, as the aquaporins, phytochelates and the phosphate transporters. Lupinus pubescens, for its part, it presents nodules that can be beneficial for the absorption, although it is sensitive to shock post-transplant and Plantago major shows a great adaptation to agricultural land, showing an accelerated growth. The phytoremediation shows to be an adequate process, clean and safe to attenuate contaminated soils