Implementación de un equipo de comprobación de ECU'S de sistema de inyección comparando parámetros de funcionamiento en los módulos de control de las maquetas del Laboratorio de motores de la Carrera de Ingeniería Automotriz de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana

Abstract

The present thesis aimed at the design and implementation of a test bench for Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in electronic fuel injection systems, oriented to its application in the engine laboratory of the Automotive Engineering program at Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. The bench was developed using the ECU of a Chevrolet Aveo Family vehicle as a case study, with the purpose of simulating, outside the vehicle, representative operating conditions of the engine in a safe, controlled, and didactic environment. The methodology included the analysis of commercial ECU test equipment, which allowed identifying limitations in terms of flexibility, cost, and adaptation to the academic environment, thus justifying the construction of a pedagogically oriented bench. The system design was based on a modular architecture, integrating a regulated power supply, sensor simulation modules, outputs for verifying ECU responses, communication interfaces, and elements for visualizing electrical parameters. In addition, a functional distribution of the bench was implemented across different panels, facilitating the organization of connections, the understanding of signal flow, and user interaction during laboratory practices. Functional tests allowed evaluating the correct simulation of input signals, monitoring ECU outputs, communication through automotive protocols such as OBD-II, CAN, and K-Line, and system stability under controlled operating conditions. The results obtained were compared with technical reference values, confirming that the bench operates within acceptable ranges for academic purposes and enables non-invasive functional diagnostics. Furthermore, laboratory guides and protocols were developed to complement the use of the bench, strengthening the teaching–learning process and promoting the development of competencies in automotive electronic diagnostics. In conclusion, the ECU test bench developed represents a significant contribution to the academic infrastructure of the program, by offering a reliable, safe, and adaptable didactic tool that contributes to the training of professionals capable of understanding and analyzing the operation of electronic fuel injection systems in the face of current technological challenges in the automotive sector.