Acompañamiento psicológico en el bienestar emocional y social del adulto mayor en primer nivel de atención en un centro de salud de la ciudad de Guayaquil

Abstract

Given the current progressive aging of the population and the changes in family structure faced by older adults, they find themselves in a state of emotional and social vulnerability. This leads to the loss of meaningful relationships, unresolved grief, isolation, and a lack of recognition of their psycho-emotional needs, which become risk factors that affect their quality of life. In light of this reality, this thesis analyzes how psychological support influences the emotional and social well-being of older adults within the primary care system at a health center in the canton of Guayaquil. The intervention was carried out using a qualitative and systemic approach in order to generate a deeper understanding of the subjective experiences of older adults. The project was carried out with older adults who were in the waiting room while waiting for their turn to be seen. Some expressed factors related to loneliness, sadness, and isolation. Individual interviews, psychoeducational workshops, direct observation, and the application of the UCLA Loneliness Scale were carried out. Through these strategies, a high level of loneliness was observed in most older adults. Psychological support focused on creating spaces where older adults felt safe and listened to, promoting the strengthening of their support networks, which generated more active participation by the participants. This intervention took a systemic approach that was directed directly at the family and social environment of older adults, through which patterns that affected their emotional well-being were identified. In conclusion, when we talk about psychological support from a systemic approach, a better assessment can be obtained since it analyzes family and social ties from a broader perspective and creates essential well-being for older adults. This helps to create a fuller VII life for older adults, reduces isolation, and significantly strengthens their support networks.