Propuesta de mejora para los riesgos laborales en la industria de impresión en la producción de empaques, mediante una evaluación integral de los riesgos ergonómicos

Abstract

This study aimed to propose an ergonomic optimization strategy to reduce exposure to physical risk factors in the printing and packaging production sector. The analysis focused on a real operational workstation (OP-EM-05) within a mid-sized company classified under CIIU 1702 in Ecuador. A descriptive, quantitative design was applied using the Postural Ergonomic Risk Assessment (PERA) method, supported by seven structured instruments to document the operational cycle, break down functional tasks, and assess posture, physical effort, and task duration. The assessment revealed an average PERA score of 13, classifying the cycle as high-risk, with three tasks showing significant biomechanical demand. Based on these findings, the proposal included three targeted strategies: a suspended support system for the adhesive tool, a mechanical lever-based pressing mechanism, and the redesign of the stacking zone with an adjustable-height platform. These measures were organized into an eight-week implementation plan. The results indicate a sustained exposure pattern without compensatory mechanisms throughout the cycle, highlighting the need for technical interventions to mitigate accumulated physical strain.