Definición de medios de cultivo óptimos para la propagación in vitro de seis especies de la familia Araceae

Abstract

The Araceae family has a great world weight in the food, ornamental and medicinal plane according to the characteristics of its leaves and inflorescences, however, these species also bring difficulties in their conventional multiplication, such as seed dormancy or the orthodox and recalcitrant character of the seeds, which compromise their storage and survival. The general objective of the present work is to be able to define the most suitable culture media for in vitro multiplication of the Araceae family, in order to improve the growth, quality and conservation of Araceae species. For this purpose, information was collected in the field of anatomy and physiology of the family and then a typological methodical review of in vitro culture methodologies was carried out for six specific genera: Anthurium, Colocasia, Monstera, Xanthosoma, Zantedeschia and Philodendron. The results of the review showed that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium is the most suitable formulation for the development of this family, as it is well balanced and versatile for various explants. This substrate is characterized by high concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, molybdenum ions and low concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. One of the most relevant findings was that the optimal salt concentration of MS medium is variable according to the type of explant, since 50% is optimal for leaf segments and 100% gave better results in shoots supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose as a carbon source, favoring the regeneration and survival of explants. On the other hand, the Araceae family requires optimized micropropagation protocols, so MS medium was consolidated as the standard medium. However, its efficacy depends on the correct calibration of the components and the correct selection of the explant, guaranteeing the development and preservation of these species.