Desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo inalámbrico de temperatura y humedad aplicado a un sistema de riego en zonas rurales basado en Arduino y comunicación LORA WAN

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to design and implement an automated irrigation monitoring and control system in rural areas, utilizing LoRa WAN wireless communication technology and microcontrollers. This system integrates environmental sensors to measure temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture, as well as relays that control water pumps based on detected conditions or remote commands. The designed prototype consists of a LoRa Matrix, based on an ESP32, which manages bidirectional communication with two remote nodes implemented with LoRa. The LoRa Matrix requests data from the nodes, centralizes the information, and allows manual control of the pumps through a web interface developed in HTML5 and CSS, accessible from any device with an internet connection. Meanwhile, the remote nodes collect environmental data using DHT11 and FC-28 sensors and operate autonomously through a solar charging system that uses a photovoltaic panel and a lead-acid battery. The entire system was programmed using a C++-based language, allowing for efficient hardware and software integration. The proposed system not only optimizes water usage in irrigation systems but also ensures efficient operation in areas with limited access to the internet and/or electricity, thanks to its solar-powered supply. Additionally, it reduces the need for manual intervention, minimizes human errors, and improves agricultural productivity. The results of the prototype validate its applicability in rural environments, establishing it as a sustainable and scalable technological tool for water management in agriculture.