Guía didáctica para reforzar las habilidades de la lectura en segundo año de educación general básica

Abstract

The methodological proposal presents the development of a teaching guide aimed to strengthen the reading skills of second-year General Basic Education students, specifically reading comprehension, phonological awareness, and reading fluency, under the guidance of the teacher as a link in the learning process. This proposal arises from the observation of classes, recording, and systematization of information collected during teaching practices, where it was evident that students faced significant difficulties in reading development, which directly impacted their reading skills for students between 6 and 7 years old. The methodological approach is qualitative, based on direct observation and the collection of empirical data, complemented by an extensive literature review. For the design of the teaching guide, the National Curriculum for Compulsory Education was considered, specifically in the area of Language and Literature, focusing on the skills with performance criteria (DCD) from block 3: reading. These skills were selected based on the abilities to be achieved in the second year of EGB that needed reinforcement. The teaching guide presents six activities designed in a structured format that includes: a motivating title, learning objectives, reading skills to be developed, performance criteria skills, necessary resources, and the presentation of the methodological process divided into three stages: introduction, development, and closure. Additionally, each activity includes specific materials and an evaluation rubric to assess the level of performance achieved by the students. Furthermore, methodological suggestions for the implementation of the proposed activities were included.