Diseño e implementación de un mecanismo de seguimiento solar utilizando un prototipo de brazo robótico para un sistema fotovoltaico

Abstract

This degree work focuses on the design and implementation of a solar tracking mechanism using a prototype robotic arm for a photovoltaic system. The main objective is to provide greater accuracy and flexibility when collecting solar energy compared to traditional fixed systems. The proposed system integrates LDR light sensors to detect the position of the sun, servo motors for the movement of the robotic arm, an Arduino module as a control unit and a photovoltaic panel for solar energy collection. In addition, a control algorithm will be implemented that will adjust the position of the panel in real time, improving the performance compared to a fixed panel system. The creation and assembly of the 3D parts and the connections for the servomotors, the LDR and INA219 sensors and the microSD will be implemented, since with these elements it will be possible to obtain readings and movements of the prototype, including the development of the direct kinematics for the movement of its axes. Finally, the prototype was implemented in real environments, where the difference in voltage, current and power performance was evidenced. Showing an improvement of 14.89% with respect to voltage, 77.8% of current and 85.71% of power of the solar tracker compared to the fixed photovoltaic panel.