Tenebrio Molitor como biodegradador del polietileno de baja densidad y revisión bibliográfica del potencial biotecnológico de sus enzimas digestivas

Abstract

The growing concern over the accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems has driven the exploration of biological alternatives for its decomposition. In this context, the insect Tenebrio molitor, commonly known as the mealworm, has been identified as a potential biodegrader of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), a widely used plastic polymer. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of T. molitor to break down LDPE, through a comprehensive analysis of the available scientific literature on its metabolism and the mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of this synthetic material. Firstly, a detailed review of T. molitor behavior in relation to LDPE is conducted, including its digestive physiology and the enzymes involved in the degradation of this polymer. By gathering previous research, the enzymatic properties of the insect’s digestive secretions are analyzed, identifying those enzymes that could be responsible for the plastic decomposition process. Furthermore, the ecological and biotechnological implications of using this insect as a sustainable and ecological alternative to the global plastic pollution problem are discussed. The study concludes that T. molitor demonstrates significant potential for the degradation of low-density polyethylene, although it is noted that further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the biochemical processes involved and to optimize its application in large-scale plastic biodegradation. Additionally, the biotechnological potential of the insect’s digestive enzymes is highlighted, which opens new possibilities for the development of innovative solutions in plastic waste management.