Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de la asociación entre el polimorfismo RS1800795 en el gen IL-6 y el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas

Abstract

Chronic diseases are non-transmissible conditions that last over time, these diseases have been caused by the consuming of unhealthy food, drugs and low physical activity, therefore, the WHO points out that in Latin America this type of diseases are the main cause of death. In recent years, scientific research has identified risk factors unrelated to the lifestyle of individuals but rather linked to the inflammatory process caused by genetic variations in interleukins, such is the case of the -174 G/C polymorphism (rs1800795) in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene. The rs1800795 polymorphism has been associated with an elevated risk of chronic diseases in conjunction with the allele frequency evident in the G-174C polymorphism. The objective was to systematically review databases such as PubMed, Redalyc, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Springer, Web of Science and ProQuest for relevant studies. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to establish the relationship between the -174 G>C polymorphism and the risk of chronic diseases. The Q or Cochran's test based on the Chi-square test and the I2 statistic were used to establish heterogeneity among the incorporated studies. The results evidenced significant differences in genotypic frequencies, demonstrating that the IL-6174 GG of the rs1800795 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of suffering from several chronic diseases, the CC genotype with metabolic diseases at lower risk and the GC as a protector against several chronic pathologies.