Impacto de las políticas económicas y su efecto en el empleo del Ecuador: un análisis comparativo de los gobiernos de Correa, Moreno y Lasso (2007-2023)

Abstract

This research analyzes the impact of economic policies on employment in Ecuador during the governments of Rafael Correa, Lenín Moreno, and Guillermo Lasso (2007-2023). The study arises from the need to understand how economic decisions influence the labor market, considering the particularities of each administration and the external crises faced. The specific objectives were: to identify the main characteristics of the economic policies of each government, compare unemployment and underemployment levels, and investigate the impact of economic crises on labor policies. The methodology adopted a quantitative approach, employing descriptive and correlational analysis of the variables: public spending, tax revenue, formal employment, underemployment, and unemployment. Data were obtained from official sources such as the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) and the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC). The results reveal a positive correlation between public spending and formal employment (0.83), as well as an inverse relationship between underemployment and formal employment (-0.92), highlighting the labor market's fragility in response to fiscal cuts. The conclusions emphasize that Correa's expansive policies promoted formal employment, while Moreno's austerity measures intensified underemployment. Finally, Lasso's reforms show mixed results, suggesting the need for balanced strategies to strengthen sustainable employment.