Propuesta de observaciones áulicas para identificar afectaciones psicoemocionales en niños de enseñanza general básica, en Guayaquil

Abstract

Psychoemotional disorders in childhood can impact students' academic performance, behavior and interpersonal relationships. In the educational setting, early detection of these problems is key to providing timely support and avoiding long-term consequences. However, many teachers lack the tools to identify these warning signs in a structured way. The aim of this study is to design an observation guide for teachers that facilitates the detection of indicators of psychoemotional disorders in children in elementary school. Based on classroom observations, interviews and case analysis, behavioral patterns linked to emotional difficulties were identified, showing the need for an instrument to guide their detection and management. The proposal of the observation guide is based on previous studies that demonstrate the relationship between the family environment, emotions and academic performance. Categories such as cognitive, affective and social areas are included, allowing for a comprehensive approach. In addition, the importance of training teachers and strengthening communication with families is emphasized.