Diseño y simulación de un sistema de órtesis para la rehabilitación de pacientes con esguince de grado 2, atendidos en una institución de rehabilitación física sin fines de lucro

Abstract

The objective of this project is to design and simulate a prototype of a customized orthosis for the rehabilitation of patients with grade 2 ankle sprains, who are treated in a non-profit physical rehabilitation institution. It responds to the need for orthopedic devices adapted to the anatomical and functional characteristics of patients, since the generic orthoses available are often insufficient to guarantee effective recovery and prevent relapses. Ankle sprains, frequent in athletes, are one of the main causes of trauma consultation, affecting physical performance and quality of life. The lack of specific orthoses increases the risk of relapses, prolongs rehabilitation and can lead to chronic instability. Therefore, the project develops a prototype that provides adequate support and functionality, respecting the natural biomechanics of the foot and ankle. The design was based on an analysis of the biomechanics, kinematics and kinetics of the foot, considering joint movements and gait forces. Using specialized software, a mechanical design was developed that allows controlled plantar flexion-dorsiflexion and pronation-supination, which was integrated into a functional prototype. In addition, a cost analysis was performed to ensure the viability and accessibility of the device, using lightweight and resistant materials such as polymers and metal alloys. The result is an ergonomic and biomechanical prototype that accelerates recovery, prevents relapses and improves the quality of life of patients, contributing significantly to the advancement of biomedical engineering through the use of advanced technologies in personalized medical devices.