Implementación de un sistema de control basado en electromiografía para optimizar el movimiento de una prótesis de extremidad superior

Abstract

In Guayaquil, Ecuador, the number of upper limb amputations has increased in recent years, particularly in the proximal radio-ulnar area, affecting a significant portion of the population. According to the national disability registry, approximately 45\% of the population has physical disabilities, with the main causes being occupational and traffic accidents, as well as diseases such as diabetes. This situation poses a considerable challenge for the rehabilitation and restoration of upper limb functionality. In response to this issue, the implementation of a control system based on electromyography (EMG) is proposed for the development of a right forearm prosthesis. This system aims to enable the recovery of essential movements, such as hand flexion and extension, through the integration of electromyographic signals generated by the user’s remaining muscles. Additionally, it seeks to improve the autonomy and quality of life of amputees by providing an accessible solution in a context with limited technological rehabilitation resources. Grip tests were conducted to validate the implemented control system, with a total of fifty gripping trials performed. The results indicated that 90\% of the tests were successful, demonstrating the efficiency of the real-time control system and its ability to meet the established functional requirements. In conclusion, the results confirm that the system is capable of operating efficiently in real-time, meeting the functional requirements established for the prosthesis. Based on electromyography, this system presents itself as a viable and effective solution for restoring upper limb functionality in amputees.