Economía circular en el uso de plástico en la industria bananera de la provincia del Guayas: análisis económico y perspectivas 2024-2035

Abstract

The banana industry in the province of Guayas has become a pillar of the economy, as exports increased from 1,261,777 tons in 2013 to 2,140,140 tons in 2023. This implies important challenges in terms of resource efficiency. This growth has established Ecuador as one of the most important banana exporters worldwide, defending its position in key markets such as the European Union and the United States. However, this boom brings with it significant challenges related to sustainability and efficient resource management, particularly in the use of plastic. Plastic is an important component to ensure the quality of banana exports. However, consumption of this material reached $48,987.97 in 2019 and then fluctuated up to $36,000 in 2023. This highlights the need to embrace circular economy strategies that reduce costs and mitigate environmental impacts. This economic model, based on the use of the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle), will not only reduce dependence on plastics, but will also increase the competitiveness and sustainability of the banana industry. In terms of employment, the sector has been inconsistent, falling sharply in some years, but in 2023 it recovered quickly, reaching 24,920 jobs. In this context, the implementation of the circular economy represents a strategic opportunity. Not only does it allow us to address environmental challenges, but it also contributes to improving competitiveness, generating green jobs and strengthening the sustainability of the agricultural sector in the long term. In addition, it would position Ecuador as a global benchmark in sustainability, attracting new international markets sensitive to responsible practices aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).