Análisis del impacto de los factores macroeconómicos: pobreza y desigualdad en el crecimiento económico del Ecuador

Abstract

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of poverty and inequality on the economic growth of Ecuador during the period 2003 to 2023, through a quantitative approach with the Cobb-Douglas production function that allows measuring the impact of these factors on the Ecuadorian economy. Through statistical analysis of data obtained through the World Bank and the Economic Commission for Latin America. The results indicate that Gross Fixed Capital Formation, the Economically Active Population and the poverty incidence rate are significant and have positive effects on the Gross Domestic Product. Unlike the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and inequality measured by the Gini index, which do not show a significant impact on economic growth. In conclusion, the findings of this study emphasize the importance of investment in human capital and infrastructure, highlighting the importance of implementing effective policies to promote sustainable development, job creation and poverty reduction to strengthen Ecuador's economic growth. Furthermore, it suggests that the relationship between inequality and GDP could be determined by variables not considered in the model, so this study is open to future research.