Factores determinantes que inciden en el mercado laboral en Ecuador en el periodo 2009-2021

Abstract

This study examines the determining factors of Ecuador's labor market between 2009 and 2021, using a quantitative approach supported by theories such as labor market segmentation, human capital, and labor precarization. The findings show persistent segmentation, where workers with lower education levels face higher rates of underemployment and informal work, while those with higher education have better access to formal jobs. Economic crises, including the COVID19 pandemic, have further exacerbated informality and labor precarization. A key finding is the significant gap between registrations in the Single Taxpayer Registry (RUC) and the Economically Active Population (PEA), with over 90% of the latter operating in the informal sector. This highlights structural limitations in the labor system's capacity to integrate the workforce into the formal sector. To address these disparities, it is essential to implement public policies that promote formalization, strengthen technical and higher education, and provide incentives for micro and small enterprises.