Diseño técnico económico del sistema eléctrico del bloque operacional de la empresa pública Cuerpo de Bomberos de Milagro alimentado por un sistema fotovoltaico con conexión a la red

Abstract

In our country, the supply of electricity faces significant challenges due to climatic and structural factors, such as prolonged droughts in the mountains, which severely affect hydroelectric generation, the main source of energy in the region. These problems have resulted in critical situations in the country, highlighting the vulnerability of the national electricity system and the urgent need to diversify energy sources to ensure greater stability and sustainability. In this context, photovoltaic systems have emerged as a highly effective solution. These systems not only allow reducing dependence on conventional sources, but also offer a clean and sustainable alternative that contributes to the reduction of the carbon footprint and promotes the transition towards a greener energy model. This research focuses on the technical-economic design of a grid-connected photovoltaic system, specifically for the operational block of the Empress Pública Cuerpo de Bomberos de Milagro. This project addresses a comprehensive analysis that includes the evaluation of the feasibility of the system based on the monthly electricity consumption (kWh) reflected in the institution's invoices. The sizing of the components, such as solar panels, controllers, inverters and batteries, was performed using Excel spreadsheets, which allowed for precise data organization, detailed calculations and the generation of comparative tables. This approach ensured that the results were clear, replicable and easily interpretable. Simulations were also carried out in the specialized software PV*SOL, which facilitated the optimization of the available space on the terrace, the only area authorized for the installation, and the evaluation of the energy performance of the proposed system. In addition, a technical design was developed in AutoCAD, including the layout of the solar panels, the strategic location of inverters, batteries, and other essential components, ensuring an efficient and safe installation. A single-line diagram was also developed, detailing the electrical connection of all elements, and specifying the electrical materials and protections required to comply with technical and regulatory standards. The main objective of this project is to guarantee a sustainable and reliable electrical supply for the Milagro Fire Department, as well as the economic and ecological benefits of the transition to renewable energy technologies.